In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Human migration may be traced all the way back to the (1)________ of time, and humans have been on the move ever since. Climate change, war and displacement, economic considerations, living conditions, family and clan (2)________, and, more recently, educational possibilities are all reasons for migration. Because there are several reasons for migration, migration patterns are (3)_________. Potential migrants will not only (4)_________ whether or not to migrate, but also where they will go. Individuals with (5) ________ observed and unobserved features will make diverse decisions and self-select into specific areas.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. (Combined Graduate Level Examination Tier I 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The world is becoming increasingly (1)_______. Since 2007, more than half of the world’s population has been living in cities, and that share is (2)_______ to rise to 60 per cent by 2030. Cities and metropolitan areas are powerhouses of economic growth—(3)_______ about 60 per cent of global GDP. However, they also account for about 70 per cent of global carbon emissions and over 60 per cent of (4)________ use. Rapid urbanisation is resulting in a growing number of slum dwellers, inadequate and (5)________ infrastructure and services, worsening air pollution and unplanned urban sprawl.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The world is becoming increasingly (1)_______. Since 2007, more than half of the world’s population has been living in cities, and that share is (2)_______ to rise to 60 per cent by 2030. Cities and metropolitan areas are powerhouses of economic growth—(3)_______ about 60 per cent of global GDP. However, they also account for about 70 per cent of global carbon emissions and over 60 per cent of (4)________ use. Rapid urbanisation is resulting in a growing number of slum dwellers, inadequate and (5)________ infrastructure and services, worsening air pollution and unplanned urban sprawl.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The necessity of urban forest is not only to control pollution but also to (1) ________ climate change. It (2)________ tempests as well as unforeseen drought. Off late the world is (3)_________ flash floods. The (4) _________ in Africa has put many countries in famine and children undergo severe malnutrition as a result of famine. Conferences will not provide solutions, only (5) _________ action can control these changes in global climate.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The success or failure of our climate future lies in people’s minds and is in our hands. At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 26) in Glasgow, UNESCO called for enhancing global commitment to climate education and (1) _____________ its support to countries to incorporate climate change into their education systems. To avoid a climate disaster, we need (2) _____________, transformative and sustained action and a major shift in our thinking – a shift strong enough to make the climate crisis a center of our social, political, economic, personal and educational life.
This is also the key message of Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action: Toward an SDG 4.7 Roadmap for Systems Change, a new IBE book that (3) __________ just published in the IBE on Curriculum, Learning, and Assessment series. The book was co-edited by Radhika Iyengar (Earth Institute,Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University) and Christina T. Kwauk (The Brookings Institution).
Based on contributions from 44 authors (including colleagues from UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development section), Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action is one of the best scorecards in comparative education for keeping track of this drama as it unfolds, shedding light on the global climate crisis like no other education writing today. It turns to our curricula, our education systems, and our communities for a response on how to (4) __________ achieve Target 4.7 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Universal Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and Global Citizenship Education (GCED). The message from key stakeholders, including students, educators and leaders of civil society, is driven home with passion and uncommon clarity: We can and must stave off the (5) ____________ of climate change by building climate action into the world’s pandemic recovery.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. (Head Constable Ministerial in Delhi Police Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
A broad definition of wetlands (1)_______ ecosystems such as lakes and rivers, underground aquifers, swamps, coral reefs, and many others; but also, human-made artificial sites (2)_______ fishponds or reservoirs. Though they cover only around 6 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, 40 per cent of all plant and animal species live or breed in them.
Wetlands are also vital for human wellbeing and security. More than a billion people across the world depend on them for their livelihoods, about one in eight people on Earth. According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), these ecosystems are also the unsung heroes of the climate crisis. In fact, they (3)_______ more carbon than any other ecosystem, with peatlands alone storing twice (4)_______ all the world’s forests. And inland wetland ecosystems absorb excess water and help prevent floods and drought, something critical to help communities adapt to a changing climate.
In the words of Leticia Carvalho, Principal Coordinator for Marine and Freshwater at UNEP, healthy wetlands ‘punch above their weight in terms of benefits’. The theme for the very first World Day is “Wetlands Action for People and Nature”. It serves as an urgent call to act and to invest financial, human, and political capital, to save the world’s wetlands from disappearing altogether - and to restore those areas already lost. Wetlands are disappearing three times (5)_______ forests and are Earth’s most threatened ecosystem. In just 50 years - since 1970 - 35 per cent of the world’s wetlands have evaporated.


Select the most appropriate option to fill blank 4. (SICPO Paper I 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
A broad definition of wetlands (1)_______ ecosystems such as lakes and rivers, underground aquifers, swamps, coral reefs, and many others; but also, human-made artificial sites (2)_______ fishponds or reservoirs. Though they cover only around 6 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, 40 per cent of all plant and animal species live or breed in them.
Wetlands are also vital for human wellbeing and security. More than a billion people across the world depend on them for their livelihoods, about one in eight people on Earth. According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), these ecosystems are also the unsung heroes of the climate crisis. In fact, they (3)_______ more carbon than any other ecosystem, with peatlands alone storing twice (4)_______ all the world’s forests. And inland wetland ecosystems absorb excess water and help prevent floods and drought, something critical to help communities adapt to a changing climate.
In the words of Leticia Carvalho, Principal Coordinator for Marine and Freshwater at UNEP, healthy wetlands ‘punch above their weight in terms of benefits’. The theme for the very first World Day is “Wetlands Action for People and Nature”. It serves as an urgent call to act and to invest financial, human, and political capital, to save the world’s wetlands from disappearing altogether - and to restore those areas already lost. Wetlands are disappearing three times (5)_______ forests and are Earth’s most threatened ecosystem. In just 50 years - since 1970 - 35 per cent of the world’s wetlands have evaporated.


Select the most appropriate option to fill blank 2. (SICPO Paper I 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The success or failure of our climate future lies in people’s minds and is in our hands. At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 26) in Glasgow, UNESCO called for enhancing global commitment to climate education and (1) _____________ its support to countries to incorporate climate change into their education systems. To avoid a climate disaster, we need (2) _____________, transformative and sustained action and a major shift in our thinking – a shift strong enough to make the climate crisis a center of our social, political, economic, personal and educational life.
This is also the key message of Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action: Toward an SDG 4.7 Roadmap for Systems Change, a new IBE book that (3) __________ just published in the IBE on Curriculum, Learning, and Assessment series. The book was co-edited by Radhika Iyengar (Earth Institute,Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University) and Christina T. Kwauk (The Brookings Institution).
Based on contributions from 44 authors (including colleagues from UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development section), Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action is one of the best scorecards in comparative education for keeping track of this drama as it unfolds, shedding light on the global climate crisis like no other education writing today. It turns to our curricula, our education systems, and our communities for a response on how to (4) __________ achieve Target 4.7 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Universal Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and Global Citizenship Education (GCED). The message from key stakeholders, including students, educators and leaders of civil society, is driven home with passion and uncommon clarity: We can and must stave off the (5) ____________ of climate change by building climate action into the world’s pandemic recovery.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. (Head Constable Ministerial in Delhi Police Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The success or failure of our climate future lies in people’s minds and is in our hands. At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 26) in Glasgow, UNESCO called for enhancing global commitment to climate education and (1) _____________ its support to countries to incorporate climate change into their education systems. To avoid a climate disaster, we need (2) _____________, transformative and sustained action and a major shift in our thinking – a shift strong enough to make the climate crisis a center of our social, political, economic, personal and educational life.
This is also the key message of Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action: Toward an SDG 4.7 Roadmap for Systems Change, a new IBE book that (3) __________ just published in the IBE on Curriculum, Learning, and Assessment series. The book was co-edited by Radhika Iyengar (Earth Institute,Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University) and Christina T. Kwauk (The Brookings Institution).
Based on contributions from 44 authors (including colleagues from UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development section), Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action is one of the best scorecards in comparative education for keeping track of this drama as it unfolds, shedding light on the global climate crisis like no other education writing today. It turns to our curricula, our education systems, and our communities for a response on how to (4) __________ achieve Target 4.7 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Universal Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and Global Citizenship Education (GCED). The message from key stakeholders, including students, educators and leaders of civil society, is driven home with passion and uncommon clarity: We can and must stave off the (5) ____________ of climate change by building climate action into the world’s pandemic recovery.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3. (Head Constable Ministerial in Delhi Police Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The average weather in a location over several years is (1) ________ to as the climate. Climate change is characterised by a (2) ________ in those average circumstances. The fast climate change we are presently witnessing is the result of humans' (3) ________ of oil, gas, and coal in their homes, industry, and transportation. When these fossil fuels are (4). ________, they emit greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases capture the Sun's heat, raising the planet's (5)________.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. (Stenographer Grade C and D Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The average weather in a location over several years is (1) ________ to as the climate. Climate change is characterised by a (2) ________ in those average circumstances. The fast climate change we are presently witnessing is the result of humans' (3) ________ of oil, gas, and coal in their homes, industry, and transportation. When these fossil fuels are (4). ________, they emit greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases capture the Sun's heat, raising the planet's (5)________.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3. (Stenographer Grade C and D Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The average weather in a location over several years is (1) ________ to as the climate. Climate change is characterised by a (2) ________ in those average circumstances. The fast climate change we are presently witnessing is the result of humans' (3) ________ of oil, gas, and coal in their homes, industry, and transportation. When these fossil fuels are (4). ________, they emit greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases capture the Sun's heat, raising the planet's (5)________.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. (Stenographer Grade C and D Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The average weather in a location over several years is (1) ________ to as the climate. Climate change is characterised by a (2) ________ in those average circumstances. The fast climate change we are presently witnessing is the result of humans' (3) ________ of oil, gas, and coal in their homes, industry, and transportation. When these fossil fuels are (4). ________, they emit greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases capture the Sun's heat, raising the planet's (5)________.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. (Stenographer Grade C and D Examination 2022)

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The necessity of urban forest is not only to control pollution but also to (1) ________ climate change. It (2)________ tempests as well as unforeseen drought. Off late the world is (3)_________ flash floods. The (4) _________ in Africa has put many countries in famine and children undergo severe malnutrition as a result of famine. Conferences will not provide solutions, only (5) _________ action can control these changes in global climate.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
A broad definition of wetlands (1)_______ ecosystems such as lakes and rivers, underground aquifers, swamps, coral reefs, and many others; but also, human-made artificial sites (2)_______ fishponds or reservoirs. Though they cover only around 6 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, 40 per cent of all plant and animal species live or breed in them.
Wetlands are also vital for human wellbeing and security. More than a billion people across the world depend on them for their livelihoods, about one in eight people on Earth. According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), these ecosystems are also the unsung heroes of the climate crisis. In fact, they (3)_______ more carbon than any other ecosystem, with peatlands alone storing twice (4)_______ all the world’s forests. And inland wetland ecosystems absorb excess water and help prevent floods and drought, something critical to help communities adapt to a changing climate.
In the words of Leticia Carvalho, Principal Coordinator for Marine and Freshwater at UNEP, healthy wetlands ‘punch above their weight in terms of benefits’. The theme for the very first World Day is “Wetlands Action for People and Nature”. It serves as an urgent call to act and to invest financial, human, and political capital, to save the world’s wetlands from disappearing altogether - and to restore those areas already lost. Wetlands are disappearing three times (5)_______ forests and are Earth’s most threatened ecosystem. In just 50 years - since 1970 - 35 per cent of the world’s wetlands have evaporated.


Select the most appropriate option to fill blank 1. (SICPO Paper I 2022)

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The necessity of urban forest is not only to control pollution but also to (1) ________ climate change. It (2)________ tempests as well as unforeseen drought. Off late the world is (3)_________ flash floods. The (4) _________ in Africa has put many countries in famine and children undergo severe malnutrition as a result of famine. Conferences will not provide solutions, only (5) _________ action can control these changes in global climate.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The necessity of urban forest is not only to control pollution but also to (1) ________ climate change. It (2)________ tempests as well as unforeseen drought. Off late the world is (3)_________ flash floods. The (4) _________ in Africa has put many countries in famine and children undergo severe malnutrition as a result of famine. Conferences will not provide solutions, only (5) _________ action can control these changes in global climate.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The necessity of urban forest is not only to control pollution but also to (1) ________ climate change. It (2)________ tempests as well as unforeseen drought. Off late the world is (3)_________ flash floods. The (4) _________ in Africa has put many countries in famine and children undergo severe malnutrition as a result of famine. Conferences will not provide solutions, only (5) _________ action can control these changes in global climate.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3. (Constable GD Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The success or failure of our climate future lies in people’s minds and is in our hands. At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 26) in Glasgow, UNESCO called for enhancing global commitment to climate education and (1) _____________ its support to countries to incorporate climate change into their education systems. To avoid a climate disaster, we need (2) _____________, transformative and sustained action and a major shift in our thinking – a shift strong enough to make the climate crisis a center of our social, political, economic, personal and educational life.
This is also the key message of Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action: Toward an SDG 4.7 Roadmap for Systems Change, a new IBE book that (3) __________ just published in the IBE on Curriculum, Learning, and Assessment series. The book was co-edited by Radhika Iyengar (Earth Institute,Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University) and Christina T. Kwauk (The Brookings Institution).
Based on contributions from 44 authors (including colleagues from UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development section), Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action is one of the best scorecards in comparative education for keeping track of this drama as it unfolds, shedding light on the global climate crisis like no other education writing today. It turns to our curricula, our education systems, and our communities for a response on how to (4) __________ achieve Target 4.7 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Universal Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and Global Citizenship Education (GCED). The message from key stakeholders, including students, educators and leaders of civil society, is driven home with passion and uncommon clarity: We can and must stave off the (5) ____________ of climate change by building climate action into the world’s pandemic recovery.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. (Head Constable Ministerial in Delhi Police Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The average weather in a location over several years is (1) ________ to as the climate. Climate change is characterised by a (2) ________ in those average circumstances. The fast climate change we are presently witnessing is the result of humans' (3) ________ of oil, gas, and coal in their homes, industry, and transportation. When these fossil fuels are (4). ________, they emit greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases capture the Sun's heat, raising the planet's (5)________.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1. (Stenographer Grade C and D Examination 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
A broad definition of wetlands (1)_______ ecosystems such as lakes and rivers, underground aquifers, swamps, coral reefs, and many others; but also, human-made artificial sites (2)_______ fishponds or reservoirs. Though they cover only around 6 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, 40 per cent of all plant and animal species live or breed in them.
Wetlands are also vital for human wellbeing and security. More than a billion people across the world depend on them for their livelihoods, about one in eight people on Earth. According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), these ecosystems are also the unsung heroes of the climate crisis. In fact, they (3)_______ more carbon than any other ecosystem, with peatlands alone storing twice (4)_______ all the world’s forests. And inland wetland ecosystems absorb excess water and help prevent floods and drought, something critical to help communities adapt to a changing climate.
In the words of Leticia Carvalho, Principal Coordinator for Marine and Freshwater at UNEP, healthy wetlands ‘punch above their weight in terms of benefits’. The theme for the very first World Day is “Wetlands Action for People and Nature”. It serves as an urgent call to act and to invest financial, human, and political capital, to save the world’s wetlands from disappearing altogether - and to restore those areas already lost. Wetlands are disappearing three times (5)_______ forests and are Earth’s most threatened ecosystem. In just 50 years - since 1970 - 35 per cent of the world’s wetlands have evaporated.

Select the most appropriate option to fill blank 5. (SICPO Paper I 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
A broad definition of wetlands (1)_______ ecosystems such as lakes and rivers, underground aquifers, swamps, coral reefs, and many others; but also, human-made artificial sites (2)_______ fishponds or reservoirs. Though they cover only around 6 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, 40 per cent of all plant and animal species live or breed in them.
Wetlands are also vital for human wellbeing and security. More than a billion people across the world depend on them for their livelihoods, about one in eight people on Earth. According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), these ecosystems are also the unsung heroes of the climate crisis. In fact, they (3)_______ more carbon than any other ecosystem, with peatlands alone storing twice (4)_______ all the world’s forests. And inland wetland ecosystems absorb excess water and help prevent floods and drought, something critical to help communities adapt to a changing climate.
In the words of Leticia Carvalho, Principal Coordinator for Marine and Freshwater at UNEP, healthy wetlands ‘punch above their weight in terms of benefits’. The theme for the very first World Day is “Wetlands Action for People and Nature”. It serves as an urgent call to act and to invest financial, human, and political capital, to save the world’s wetlands from disappearing altogether - and to restore those areas already lost. Wetlands are disappearing three times (5)_______ forests and are Earth’s most threatened ecosystem. In just 50 years - since 1970 - 35 per cent of the world’s wetlands have evaporated.


Select the most appropriate option to fill blank 3. (SICPO Paper I 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of (1)__________ unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment. But supermarkets and grocers are (2)__________ to sit up and take notice. In response to (3)__________ consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have (4)__________ up a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take (5)__________ responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.  (CHSL 2021 Tier I)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of (1)__________ unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment. But supermarkets and grocers are (2)__________ to sit up and take notice. In response to (3)__________ consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have (4)__________ up a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take (5)__________ responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.  (CHSL 2021 Tier I)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of (1)__________ unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment. But supermarkets and grocers are (2)__________ to sit up and take notice. In response to (3)__________ consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have (4)__________ up a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take (5)__________ responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.  (CHSL 2021 Tier I)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of (1)__________ unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment. But supermarkets and grocers are (2)__________ to sit up and take notice. In response to (3)__________ consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have (4)__________ up a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take (5)__________ responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.  (CHSL 2021 Tier I)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of (1)__________ unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment. But supermarkets and grocers are (2)__________ to sit up and take notice. In response to (3)__________ consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have (4)__________ up a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take (5)__________ responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.  (CHSL 2021 Tier I)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.


Which of the following is the best description of the tone of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2024)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.


Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Exist (SICPO Paper I 2024)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.


Which of the following represents the structure of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2024)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its ‘Living Planet Report 2022’ – this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. ‘Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction – about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth’s atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth – yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction – the animals of the Anthropocene have none.
However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world’s GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44 trillion of economic value generation comes from such services- the World Bank finds their collapse could cause a $2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world.
There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife’s need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.


As per the World Economic Forum, half the world’s GDP depends on_________. (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.


Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2024)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Climate policy must now put health at the centre and promote climate change mitigation policies that bring health benefits simultaneously. Health-focused climate policy would help bring about a planet that has cleaner air, more abundant and safer freshwater and food, more effective and fairer health and social protection systems and, as a result, healthier people.
Investment in clean energy will yield health gains that repay those investments twice over. There are proven interventions able to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, for instance applying higher standards for vehicle emissions, which have been calculated to save approximately 2.4 million lives per year, through improved air quality and reduce global warming by about 0.5°C by 2050. The cost of renewable sources of energy has decreased significantly in the last few years, and solar energy is now cheaper than coal or gas in most major economies.Which of the following represents the structure of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
Earth Day is an apt moment to consider how our planet, a majestic 4.54 billion years old, is faring. The statistics are not pleasing. Once covered in verdant green, FAO finds Earth has now lost one-third of its forests through human activity. WWF estimates such land-use changes have caused wildlife to decline by 69% in the last 50 years. The loss of natural eco-systems and their engineers, which includes birds, animals, insects and fungi, is literally drying up the world. The UN finds 75% of Earth’s land is degraded while its oceans are 30% more acidic now, choked by plastic and chemical waste. Neither is the air pristine – as pollutants coat the skies, the World Economic Forum finds global CO2 emissions rose in 2022 to a record high. Such CO2 covers Earth in a sheath which doesn’t let it release heat into space, trapping this in the atmosphere instead, making Earth 1.11 degrees warmer.Who are the engineers NOT mentioned in the passage? (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
As the world’s population approaches 8 billion and resource use intensifies, pollution is ever more extensive, pervasive, and persistent. It affects our health through the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe. By 2025, the world’s cities will produce 2.2 billion tonnes of waste every year, more than three times the amount produced in 2009. That said, pollution is not a new phenomenon and is largely controllable and often avoidable, as shown in some countries and cities that have succeeded in decoupling economic growth from pollution and waste accumulation.
With the end goal to eradicate all forms of pollution by 2030, the UN Environment Programme was tasked by the UN Environment Assembly to coordinate the implementation of a global plan reiterating that pollution is not only an environmental priority, it's a priority for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.What is the ANTONYM for the word ‘pervasive’ from the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
As the world’s population approaches 8 billion and resource use intensifies, pollution is ever more extensive, pervasive, and persistent. It affects our health through the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe. By 2025, the world’s cities will produce 2.2 billion tonnes of waste every year, more than three times the amount produced in 2009. That said, pollution is not a new phenomenon and is largely controllable and often avoidable, as shown in some countries and cities that have succeeded in decoupling economic growth from pollution and waste accumulation.
With the end goal to eradicate all forms of pollution by 2030, the UN Environment Programme was tasked by the UN Environment Assembly to coordinate the implementation of a global plan reiterating that pollution is not only an environmental priority, it's a priority for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.Which is the best description of the tone of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Climate policy must now put health at the centre and promote climate change mitigation policies that bring health benefits simultaneously. Health-focused climate policy would help bring about a planet that has cleaner air, more abundant and safer freshwater and food, more effective and fairer health and social protection systems and, as a result, healthier people.
Investment in clean energy will yield health gains that repay those investments twice over. There are proven interventions able to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, for instance applying higher standards for vehicle emissions, which have been calculated to save approximately 2.4 million lives per year, through improved air quality and reduce global warming by about 0.5°C by 2050. The cost of renewable sources of energy has decreased significantly in the last few years, and solar energy is now cheaper than coal or gas in most major economies.Which is the best description of the tone of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its ‘Living Planet Report 2022’ – this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. ‘Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction – about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth’s atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth – yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction – the animals of the Anthropocene have none.
However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world’s GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44 trillion of economic value generation comes from such services- the World Bank finds their collapse could cause a $2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world.
There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife’s need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.


Select the central theme of the passage. (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
Earth Day is an apt moment to consider how our planet, a majestic 4.54 billion years old, is faring. The statistics are not pleasing. Once covered in verdant green, FAO finds Earth has now lost one-third of its forests through human activity. WWF estimates such land-use changes have caused wildlife to decline by 69% in the last 50 years. The loss of natural eco-systems and their engineers, which includes birds, animals, insects and fungi, is literally drying up the world. The UN finds 75% of Earth’s land is degraded while its oceans are 30% more acidic now, choked by plastic and chemical waste. Neither is the air pristine – as pollutants coat the skies, the World Economic Forum finds global CO2 emissions rose in 2022 to a record high. Such CO2 covers Earth in a sheath which doesn’t let it release heat into space, trapping this in the atmosphere instead, making Earth 1.11 degrees warmer.Select the most appropriate title for the given passage. (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
Earth Day is an apt moment to consider how our planet, a majestic 4.54 billion years old, is faring. The statistics are not pleasing. Once covered in verdant green, FAO finds Earth has now lost one-third of its forests through human activity. WWF estimates such land-use changes have caused wildlife to decline by 69% in the last 50 years. The loss of natural eco-systems and their engineers, which includes birds, animals, insects and fungi, is literally drying up the world. The UN finds 75% of Earth’s land is degraded while its oceans are 30% more acidic now, choked by plastic and chemical waste. Neither is the air pristine – as pollutants coat the skies, the World Economic Forum finds global CO2 emissions rose in 2022 to a record high. Such CO2 covers Earth in a sheath which doesn’t let it release heat into space, trapping this in the atmosphere instead, making Earth 1.11 degrees warmer.Select the tone of the passage. (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
Earth Day is an apt moment to consider how our planet, a majestic 4.54 billion years old, is faring. The statistics are not pleasing. Once covered in verdant green, FAO finds Earth has now lost one-third of its forests through human activity. WWF estimates such land-use changes have caused wildlife to decline by 69% in the last 50 years. The loss of natural eco-systems and their engineers, which includes birds, animals, insects and fungi, is literally drying up the world. The UN finds 75% of Earth’s land is degraded while its oceans are 30% more acidic now, choked by plastic and chemical waste. Neither is the air pristine – as pollutants coat the skies, the World Economic Forum finds global CO2 emissions rose in 2022 to a record high. Such CO2 covers Earth in a sheath which doesn’t let it release heat into space, trapping this in the atmosphere instead, making Earth 1.11 degrees warmer.Who caused the loss of forests? (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
Earth Day is an apt moment to consider how our planet, a majestic 4.54 billion years old, is faring. The statistics are not pleasing. Once covered in verdant green, FAO finds Earth has now lost one-third of its forests through human activity. WWF estimates such land-use changes have caused wildlife to decline by 69% in the last 50 years. The loss of natural eco-systems and their engineers, which includes birds, animals, insects and fungi, is literally drying up the world. The UN finds 75% of Earth’s land is degraded while its oceans are 30% more acidic now, choked by plastic and chemical waste. Neither is the air pristine – as pollutants coat the skies, the World Economic Forum finds global CO2 emissions rose in 2022 to a record high. Such CO2 covers Earth in a sheath which doesn’t let it release heat into space, trapping this in the atmosphere instead, making Earth 1.11 degrees warmer.Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word ‘decline’. (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Climate policy must now put health at the centre and promote climate change mitigation policies that bring health benefits simultaneously. Health-focused climate policy would help bring about a planet that has cleaner air, more abundant and safer freshwater and food, more effective and fairer health and social protection systems and, as a result, healthier people.
Investment in clean energy will yield health gains that repay those investments twice over. There are proven interventions able to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, for instance applying higher standards for vehicle emissions, which have been calculated to save approximately 2.4 million lives per year, through improved air quality and reduce global warming by about 0.5°C by 2050. The cost of renewable sources of energy has decreased significantly in the last few years, and solar energy is now cheaper than coal or gas in most major economies.What is the ANTONYM for the word ‘promote’, from the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Mountains occupy about a quarter of the Earth’s land, harbour most of its biodiversity hotspots and supply fresh water to an estimated half of humanity. Present on every continent, mountains include a multitude of ecosystems holding many unique species such as snow leopards and mountain gorillas. They are also home to great cultural diversity among people adapted to the challenges of mountain life. Their special traditions and breath-taking scenery attract ever-growing numbers of tourists.
Mountain regions are particularly sensitive to degradation from both human pressures and climate change. Steep slopes mean the clearing of forest for farming, settlements or infrastructure can cause serious soil erosion as well as the loss of habitat. Erosion and pollution harm the quality of water flowing downstream. Climate change threatens the quantity and timing of water supplies to farms, cities, industry and power stations. Fast-rising temperatures are forcing mountain species, ecosystems and the people that depend on them to adapt or migrate.What is the ANTONYM for the word ‘diversity’ from the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Mountains occupy about a quarter of the Earth’s land, harbour most of its biodiversity hotspots and supply fresh water to an estimated half of humanity. Present on every continent, mountains include a multitude of ecosystems holding many unique species such as snow leopards and mountain gorillas. They are also home to great cultural diversity among people adapted to the challenges of mountain life. Their special traditions and breath-taking scenery attract ever-growing numbers of tourists.
Mountain regions are particularly sensitive to degradation from both human pressures and climate change. Steep slopes mean the clearing of forest for farming, settlements or infrastructure can cause serious soil erosion as well as the loss of habitat. Erosion and pollution harm the quality of water flowing downstream. Climate change threatens the quantity and timing of water supplies to farms, cities, industry and power stations. Fast-rising temperatures are forcing mountain species, ecosystems and the people that depend on them to adapt or migrate.What is the ANTONYM for the word ‘migrate’ from the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its ‘Living Planet Report 2022’ – this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. ‘Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction – about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth’s atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth – yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction – the animals of the Anthropocene have none.
However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world’s GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44 trillion of economic value generation comes from such services- the World Bank finds their collapse could cause a $2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world.
There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife’s need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.


Select the most appropriate title for the given passage. (Selection Post Matriculation level)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
As the world’s population approaches 8 billion and resource use intensifies, pollution is ever more extensive, pervasive, and persistent. It affects our health through the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe. By 2025, the world’s cities will produce 2.2 billion tonnes of waste every year, more than three times the amount produced in 2009. That said, pollution is not a new phenomenon and is largely controllable and often avoidable, as shown in some countries and cities that have succeeded in decoupling economic growth from pollution and waste accumulation.
With the end goal to eradicate all forms of pollution by 2030, the UN Environment Programme was tasked by the UN Environment Assembly to coordinate the implementation of a global plan reiterating that pollution is not only an environmental priority, it's a priority for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.What is the ANTONYM for the word ‘priority’ from the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Mountains occupy about a quarter of the Earth’s land, harbour most of its biodiversity hotspots and supply fresh water to an estimated half of humanity. Present on every continent, mountains include a multitude of ecosystems holding many unique species such as snow leopards and mountain gorillas. They are also home to great cultural diversity among people adapted to the challenges of mountain life. Their special traditions and breath-taking scenery attract ever-growing numbers of tourists.
Mountain regions are particularly sensitive to degradation from both human pressures and climate change. Steep slopes mean the clearing of forest for farming, settlements or infrastructure can cause serious soil erosion as well as the loss of habitat. Erosion and pollution harm the quality of water flowing downstream. Climate change threatens the quantity and timing of water supplies to farms, cities, industry and power stations. Fast-rising temperatures are forcing mountain species, ecosystems and the people that depend on them to adapt or migrate.Which of the following represents the structure of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Mountains occupy about a quarter of the Earth’s land, harbour most of its biodiversity hotspots and supply fresh water to an estimated half of humanity. Present on every continent, mountains include a multitude of ecosystems holding many unique species such as snow leopards and mountain gorillas. They are also home to great cultural diversity among people adapted to the challenges of mountain life. Their special traditions and breath-taking scenery attract ever-growing numbers of tourists.
Mountain regions are particularly sensitive to degradation from both human pressures and climate change. Steep slopes mean the clearing of forest for farming, settlements or infrastructure can cause serious soil erosion as well as the loss of habitat. Erosion and pollution harm the quality of water flowing downstream. Climate change threatens the quantity and timing of water supplies to farms, cities, industry and power stations. Fast-rising temperatures are forcing mountain species, ecosystems and the people that depend on them to adapt or migrate.Which is the best description of the tone of the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Climate policy must now put health at the centre and promote climate change mitigation policies that bring health benefits simultaneously. Health-focused climate policy would help bring about a planet that has cleaner air, more abundant and safer freshwater and food, more effective and fairer health and social protection systems and, as a result, healthier people.
Investment in clean energy will yield health gains that repay those investments twice over. There are proven interventions able to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, for instance applying higher standards for vehicle emissions, which have been calculated to save approximately 2.4 million lives per year, through improved air quality and reduce global warming by about 0.5°C by 2050. The cost of renewable sources of energy has decreased significantly in the last few years, and solar energy is now cheaper than coal or gas in most major economies.What is the ANTONYM for the word ‘intervention’, from the passage? (SICPO Paper I 2023)