In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Colonialism had a great impact on the lives of the aboriginal Australians who were eventually (1) _______ by the whites with all power and privilege. The colonisers turned their land into rubbish pits and (2) _______ sites for their own betterment. The aborigines were often (3) _______ as sub-humans with low status and dirty habits. The whites not only displaced the tribes off their homeland but also (4) _______ the beauty and balance of the natural world. An increase in deforestation and destruction of traditional land led (5) _______ like emu, eagle, and kangaroo, among many others to dwindle over time.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Colonialism had a great impact on the lives of the aboriginal Australians who were eventually (1) _______ by the whites with all power and privilege. The colonisers turned their land into rubbish pits and (2) _______ sites for their own betterment. The aborigines were often (3) _______ as sub-humans with low status and dirty habits. The whites not only displaced the tribes off their homeland but also (4) _______ the beauty and balance of the natural world. An increase in deforestation and destruction of traditional land led (5) _______ like emu, eagle, and kangaroo, among many others to dwindle over time.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Colonialism had a great impact on the lives of the aboriginal Australians who were eventually (1) _______ by the whites with all power and privilege. The colonisers turned their land into rubbish pits and (2) _______ sites for their own betterment. The aborigines were often (3) _______ as sub-humans with low status and dirty habits. The whites not only displaced the tribes off their homeland but also (4) _______ the beauty and balance of the natural world. An increase in deforestation and destruction of traditional land led (5) _______ like emu, eagle, and kangaroo, among many others to dwindle over time.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.

Water pollution not only endangers human health but also our environment.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

A savanna is a kind of rolling grassland dotted with isolated trees and shrubs. The grasslands of Australia are known as the bush. The grassland plains of North America are referred to as the prairie. A vast plain with hills and forests is called savanna. Africa has the (1)______ savannas. In the savanna of Africa, wet and dry are the two seasons. The dry season is shorter for two to three months near the equator, longer for nine to ten months near the tropics, and longer for five to six months in the majority of the savanna. Heavy downpours (2)______ during the wet seasons. In the dry seasons,vegetative life develops exceptionally quickly. Savanna grass rises two to three metres whereas forests are sparse. There are places where there aren’t many trees. Strong evaporation (3)_______ tree leaves to fall off and bushes and grass to wither during the dry season. It frequently starts a fire that spreads to large areas. Everything (4)_______ so lovely during the wet season—grass sprouts, trees and bushes turn green, and so on. Take a stroll through the savanna to see a (5)________ of animals, including elephants, giraffes, and zebras. The savanna is also home to the lion, the animal king.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

A savanna is a kind of rolling grassland dotted with isolated trees and shrubs. The grasslands of Australia are known as the bush. The grassland plains of North America are referred to as the prairie. A vast plain with hills and forests is called savanna. Africa has the (1)______ savannas. In the savanna of Africa, wet and dry are the two seasons. The dry season is shorter for two to three months near the equator, longer for nine to ten months near the tropics, and longer for five to six months in the majority of the savanna. Heavy downpours (2)______ during the wet seasons. In the dry seasons,vegetative life develops exceptionally quickly. Savanna grass rises two to three metres whereas forests are sparse. There are places where there aren’t many trees. Strong evaporation (3)_______ tree leaves to fall off and bushes and grass to wither during the dry season. It frequently starts a fire that spreads to large areas. Everything (4)_______ so lovely during the wet season—grass sprouts, trees and bushes turn green, and so on. Take a stroll through the savanna to see a (5)________ of animals, including elephants, giraffes, and zebras. The savanna is also home to the lion, the animal king.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

A savanna is a kind of rolling grassland dotted with isolated trees and shrubs. The grasslands of Australia are known as the bush. The grassland plains of North America are referred to as the prairie. A vast plain with hills and forests is called savanna. Africa has the (1)______ savannas. In the savanna of Africa, wet and dry are the two seasons. The dry season is shorter for two to three months near the equator, longer for nine to ten months near the tropics, and longer for five to six months in the majority of the savanna. Heavy downpours (2)______ during the wet seasons. In the dry seasons,vegetative life develops exceptionally quickly. Savanna grass rises two to three metres whereas forests are sparse. There are places where there aren’t many trees. Strong evaporation (3)_______ tree leaves to fall off and bushes and grass to wither during the dry season. It frequently starts a fire that spreads to large areas. Everything (4)_______ so lovely during the wet season—grass sprouts, trees and bushes turn green, and so on. Take a stroll through the savanna to see a (5)________ of animals, including elephants, giraffes, and zebras. The savanna is also home to the lion, the animal king.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Assam’s Kaziranga National Park was (1)__________ by severe floods in 2016 that destroyed 80 per cent of the park’s land and killed its wildlife.
World Heritage-listed Kaziranga National Park is in India. It is a (2)________ area with the highest tiger population in the world and is home to two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses. In addition, there are a lot of elephants, swamp deer, and wild water buffalo in this area.
Nearly 250 animals, including at least 20 one-horned rhinos, were killed in the devastating 2016 floods. Over 200 animals were saved by the foresters, including nine rhino calves. Sadly, we have very little control over the annual flood phenomenon. Due to significant climatic changes, the possibility that it will only get worse in the coming years is (3)_________. Additionally, the dangers posed by road and highway encroachment as well as the increasing number of human settlements surrounding the Park’s core areas are a cause for concern.
In order to guarantee the complete safety of the wildlife and other inhabitants of the area, it is high time that we plan some risk reduction measures. Because they are familiar with the river, its course, and other relocation centres where wildlife can be sheltered, the local communities can support us. Additionally, we must ensure that no animals are chained up during the disaster. Their likelihood of surviving floods is increased by 50% as a result.
When combined with the (4)________ provided by the public authority, conventional information by the local people can undoubtedly prevent animals from succumbing to these devastating events.
The life cycle is extremely delicate. While preventing flooding would be beneficial for the animals, we must also recognise that these water levels supply the soil with essential nutrients. This, in turn, aids in the development of grasses. The base of the food chain is then formed by this. Animals would begin to die from a lack of essential nutrients if the floods stopped. While it is our responsibility to (5)________ wildlife, we must never negatively affect the life cycle.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

A savanna is a kind of rolling grassland dotted with isolated trees and shrubs. The grasslands of Australia are known as the bush. The grassland plains of North America are referred to as the prairie. A vast plain with hills and forests is called savanna. Africa has the (1)______ savannas. In the savanna of Africa, wet and dry are the two seasons. The dry season is shorter for two to three months near the equator, longer for nine to ten months near the tropics, and longer for five to six months in the majority of the savanna. Heavy downpours (2)______ during the wet seasons. In the dry seasons,vegetative life develops exceptionally quickly. Savanna grass rises two to three metres whereas forests are sparse. There are places where there aren’t many trees. Strong evaporation (3)_______ tree leaves to fall off and bushes and grass to wither during the dry season. It frequently starts a fire that spreads to large areas. Everything (4)_______ so lovely during the wet season—grass sprouts, trees and bushes turn green, and so on. Take a stroll through the savanna to see a (5)________ of animals, including elephants, giraffes, and zebras. The savanna is also home to the lion, the animal king.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Assam’s Kaziranga National Park was (1)__________ by severe floods in 2016 that destroyed 80 per cent of the park’s land and killed its wildlife.
World Heritage-listed Kaziranga National Park is in India. It is a (2)________ area with the highest tiger population in the world and is home to two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses. In addition, there are a lot of elephants, swamp deer, and wild water buffalo in this area.
Nearly 250 animals, including at least 20 one-horned rhinos, were killed in the devastating 2016 floods. Over 200 animals were saved by the foresters, including nine rhino calves. Sadly, we have very little control over the annual flood phenomenon. Due to significant climatic changes, the possibility that it will only get worse in the coming years is (3)_________. Additionally, the dangers posed by road and highway encroachment as well as the increasing number of human settlements surrounding the Park’s core areas are a cause for concern.
In order to guarantee the complete safety of the wildlife and other inhabitants of the area, it is high time that we plan some risk reduction measures. Because they are familiar with the river, its course, and other relocation centres where wildlife can be sheltered, the local communities can support us. Additionally, we must ensure that no animals are chained up during the disaster. Their likelihood of surviving floods is increased by 50% as a result.
When combined with the (4)________ provided by the public authority, conventional information by the local people can undoubtedly prevent animals from succumbing to these devastating events.
The life cycle is extremely delicate. While preventing flooding would be beneficial for the animals, we must also recognise that these water levels supply the soil with essential nutrients. This, in turn, aids in the development of grasses. The base of the food chain is then formed by this. Animals would begin to die from a lack of essential nutrients if the floods stopped. While it is our responsibility to (5)________ wildlife, we must never negatively affect the life cycle.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Assam’s Kaziranga National Park was (1)__________ by severe floods in 2016 that destroyed 80 per cent of the park’s land and killed its wildlife.
World Heritage-listed Kaziranga National Park is in India. It is a (2)________ area with the highest tiger population in the world and is home to two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses. In addition, there are a lot of elephants, swamp deer, and wild water buffalo in this area.
Nearly 250 animals, including at least 20 one-horned rhinos, were killed in the devastating 2016 floods. Over 200 animals were saved by the foresters, including nine rhino calves. Sadly, we have very little control over the annual flood phenomenon. Due to significant climatic changes, the possibility that it will only get worse in the coming years is (3)_________. Additionally, the dangers posed by road and highway encroachment as well as the increasing number of human settlements surrounding the Park’s core areas are a cause for concern.
In order to guarantee the complete safety of the wildlife and other inhabitants of the area, it is high time that we plan some risk reduction measures. Because they are familiar with the river, its course, and other relocation centres where wildlife can be sheltered, the local communities can support us. Additionally, we must ensure that no animals are chained up during the disaster. Their likelihood of surviving floods is increased by 50% as a result.
When combined with the (4)________ provided by the public authority, conventional information by the local people can undoubtedly prevent animals from succumbing to these devastating events.
The life cycle is extremely delicate. While preventing flooding would be beneficial for the animals, we must also recognise that these water levels supply the soil with essential nutrients. This, in turn, aids in the development of grasses. The base of the food chain is then formed by this. Animals would begin to die from a lack of essential nutrients if the floods stopped. While it is our responsibility to (5)________ wildlife, we must never negatively affect the life cycle.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Assam’s Kaziranga National Park was (1)__________ by severe floods in 2016 that destroyed 80 per cent of the park’s land and killed its wildlife.
World Heritage-listed Kaziranga National Park is in India. It is a (2)________ area with the highest tiger population in the world and is home to two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses. In addition, there are a lot of elephants, swamp deer, and wild water buffalo in this area.
Nearly 250 animals, including at least 20 one-horned rhinos, were killed in the devastating 2016 floods. Over 200 animals were saved by the foresters, including nine rhino calves. Sadly, we have very little control over the annual flood phenomenon. Due to significant climatic changes, the possibility that it will only get worse in the coming years is (3)_________. Additionally, the dangers posed by road and highway encroachment as well as the increasing number of human settlements surrounding the Park’s core areas are a cause for concern.
In order to guarantee the complete safety of the wildlife and other inhabitants of the area, it is high time that we plan some risk reduction measures. Because they are familiar with the river, its course, and other relocation centres where wildlife can be sheltered, the local communities can support us. Additionally, we must ensure that no animals are chained up during the disaster. Their likelihood of surviving floods is increased by 50% as a result.
When combined with the (4)________ provided by the public authority, conventional information by the local people can undoubtedly prevent animals from succumbing to these devastating events.
The life cycle is extremely delicate. While preventing flooding would be beneficial for the animals, we must also recognise that these water levels supply the soil with essential nutrients. This, in turn, aids in the development of grasses. The base of the food chain is then formed by this. Animals would begin to die from a lack of essential nutrients if the floods stopped. While it is our responsibility to (5)________ wildlife, we must never negatively affect the life cycle.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

A savanna is a kind of rolling grassland dotted with isolated trees and shrubs. The grasslands of Australia are known as the bush. The grassland plains of North America are referred to as the prairie. A vast plain with hills and forests is called savanna. Africa has the (1)______ savannas. In the savanna of Africa, wet and dry are the two seasons. The dry season is shorter for two to three months near the equator, longer for nine to ten months near the tropics, and longer for five to six months in the majority of the savanna. Heavy downpours (2)______ during the wet seasons. In the dry seasons,vegetative life develops exceptionally quickly. Savanna grass rises two to three metres whereas forests are sparse. There are places where there aren’t many trees. Strong evaporation (3)_______ tree leaves to fall off and bushes and grass to wither during the dry season. It frequently starts a fire that spreads to large areas. Everything (4)_______ so lovely during the wet season—grass sprouts, trees and bushes turn green, and so on. Take a stroll through the savanna to see a (5)________ of animals, including elephants, giraffes, and zebras. The savanna is also home to the lion, the animal king.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Assam’s Kaziranga National Park was (1)__________ by severe floods in 2016 that destroyed 80 per cent of the park’s land and killed its wildlife.
World Heritage-listed Kaziranga National Park is in India. It is a (2)________ area with the highest tiger population in the world and is home to two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses. In addition, there are a lot of elephants, swamp deer, and wild water buffalo in this area.
Nearly 250 animals, including at least 20 one-horned rhinos, were killed in the devastating 2016 floods. Over 200 animals were saved by the foresters, including nine rhino calves. Sadly, we have very little control over the annual flood phenomenon. Due to significant climatic changes, the possibility that it will only get worse in the coming years is (3)_________. Additionally, the dangers posed by road and highway encroachment as well as the increasing number of human settlements surrounding the Park’s core areas are a cause for concern.
In order to guarantee the complete safety of the wildlife and other inhabitants of the area, it is high time that we plan some risk reduction measures. Because they are familiar with the river, its course, and other relocation centres where wildlife can be sheltered, the local communities can support us. Additionally, we must ensure that no animals are chained up during the disaster. Their likelihood of surviving floods is increased by 50% as a result.
When combined with the (4)________ provided by the public authority, conventional information by the local people can undoubtedly prevent animals from succumbing to these devastating events.
The life cycle is extremely delicate. While preventing flooding would be beneficial for the animals, we must also recognise that these water levels supply the soil with essential nutrients. This, in turn, aids in the development of grasses. The base of the food chain is then formed by this. Animals would begin to die from a lack of essential nutrients if the floods stopped. While it is our responsibility to (5)________ wildlife, we must never negatively affect the life cycle.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

First, thousands of flamingos coloured the Talawe wetlands near NRI Complex in Navi Mumbai pink during the lockdown, their numbers bolstered by the sheer lack of human activity. Now, the water in part of the wetland itself has turned pink, probably due to an explosive blooming of red algae that thrives in saline water, especially as the summer picks up and the wetland loses water.

The deep pink water, located towards the south-eastern end of the wetland, was spotted on14 May 2020. The pink water was not there till late last week. The bloom has been identified as a rare and first-of-its-kind occurrence for Mumbai Metropolitan Region by Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) that plans to take samples of the water for study. However, a local resident, Seema Tania from NRI Complex, Seawoods, said she had spotted the pink wash across a much larger area at the same creek in 2016.“Almost 500-600m patch of the creek turned bright pink and we thought chemicals had been dumped in the creek,” she said.

BNHS and independent microbiologists presume that the colour is from microscopic algae. “Owing to high salinity in the area, it looks like an algal bloom. Our researchers have never witnessed something like this along Mumbai’s creeks,” said Deepak Apte, director, BNHS. “Around the world, such a phenomena has been observed regularly with red algae but it has to be investigated how it has appeared along the Mumbai creek.”

Flamingos are known to feed on this algae, crustaceans, shrimp, and aquatic plants, which gives them the pink colour, said Apte. Dr P Sathiyaselvam, assistant director (wetland conservation), BNHS said, “This is clearly an algal bloom. We have observed the same at the northern portion of Chilika Lake (in Odisha) during early winter months over the years, and also towards the northern end of wetlands in Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu.” “This is a natural phenomenon. Vigorous growth of algae or bacteria having beta-carotene gives this type of characteristic colouration to the water. It is also related to increased evaporation, salinity, and the current hot and humid weather conditions,” said Rahul Khot, assistant director (in-charge of the flamingo monitoring program).

Ornithologist, naturalist and writer Sunjoy Monga said a similar discolouration of water with a pink hue was witnessed at a flamingo habitat in Porbandar in May 2007. “This happened at the edges of the creek cramped with flamingos with high salinity displaying a pinkish maroon wash to it.” A similar example of what has been observed in Navi Mumbai was recently witnessed across a massive stretch at the Edgars Creek in Melbourne, Australia, that started on 10 Mayand intensified subsequently. The source of the pink water is being investigated, the Epoch Times reported. Other examples of changing water colour to pink across a much larger area has been observed at Cameron Falls in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada and the Dead Sea, a salt lake between Israel and Jordan, to name a few.

Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

First, thousands of flamingos coloured the Talawe wetlands near NRI Complex in Navi Mumbai pink during the lockdown, their numbers bolstered by the sheer lack of human activity. Now, the water in part of the wetland itself has turned pink, probably due to an explosive blooming of red algae that thrives in saline water, especially as the summer picks up and the wetland loses water.

The deep pink water, located towards the south-eastern end of the wetland, was spotted on14 May 2020. The pink water was not there till late last week. The bloom has been identified as a rare and first-of-its-kind occurrence for Mumbai Metropolitan Region by Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) that plans to take samples of the water for study. However, a local resident, Seema Tania from NRI Complex, Seawoods, said she had spotted the pink wash across a much larger area at the same creek in 2016.“Almost 500-600m patch of the creek turned bright pink and we thought chemicals had been dumped in the creek,” she said.

BNHS and independent microbiologists presume that the colour is from microscopic algae. “Owing to high salinity in the area, it looks like an algal bloom. Our researchers have never witnessed something like this along Mumbai’s creeks,” said Deepak Apte, director, BNHS. “Around the world, such a phenomena has been observed regularly with red algae but it has to be investigated how it has appeared along the Mumbai creek.”

Flamingos are known to feed on this algae, crustaceans, shrimp, and aquatic plants, which gives them the pink colour, said Apte. Dr P Sathiyaselvam, assistant director (wetland conservation), BNHS said, “This is clearly an algal bloom. We have observed the same at the northern portion of Chilika Lake (in Odisha) during early winter months over the years, and also towards the northern end of wetlands in Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu.” “This is a natural phenomenon. Vigorous growth of algae or bacteria having beta-carotene gives this type of characteristic colouration to the water. It is also related to increased evaporation, salinity, and the current hot and humid weather conditions,” said Rahul Khot, assistant director (in-charge of the flamingo monitoring program).

Ornithologist, naturalist and writer Sunjoy Monga said a similar discolouration of water with a pink hue was witnessed at a flamingo habitat in Porbandar in May 2007. “This happened at the edges of the creek cramped with flamingos with high salinity displaying a pinkish maroon wash to it.” A similar example of what has been observed in Navi Mumbai was recently witnessed across a massive stretch at the Edgars Creek in Melbourne, Australia, that started on 10 Mayand intensified subsequently. The source of the pink water is being investigated, the Epoch Times reported. Other examples of changing water colour to pink across a much larger area has been observed at Cameron Falls in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada and the Dead Sea, a salt lake between Israel and Jordan, to name a few.

Which of the following individuals thinks that the presence of beta-carotene in the algae gives the water its pink colour?

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

First, thousands of flamingos coloured the Talawe wetlands near NRI Complex in Navi Mumbai pink during the lockdown, their numbers bolstered by the sheer lack of human activity. Now, the water in part of the wetland itself has turned pink, probably due to an explosive blooming of red algae that thrives in saline water, especially as the summer picks up and the wetland loses water.

The deep pink water, located towards the south-eastern end of the wetland, was spotted on14 May 2020. The pink water was not there till late last week. The bloom has been identified as a rare and first-of-its-kind occurrence for Mumbai Metropolitan Region by Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) that plans to take samples of the water for study. However, a local resident, Seema Tania from NRI Complex, Seawoods, said she had spotted the pink wash across a much larger area at the same creek in 2016.“Almost 500-600m patch of the creek turned bright pink and we thought chemicals had been dumped in the creek,” she said.

BNHS and independent microbiologists presume that the colour is from microscopic algae. “Owing to high salinity in the area, it looks like an algal bloom. Our researchers have never witnessed something like this along Mumbai’s creeks,” said Deepak Apte, director, BNHS. “Around the world, such a phenomena has been observed regularly with red algae but it has to be investigated how it has appeared along the Mumbai creek.”

Flamingos are known to feed on this algae, crustaceans, shrimp, and aquatic plants, which gives them the pink colour, said Apte. Dr P Sathiyaselvam, assistant director (wetland conservation), BNHS said, “This is clearly an algal bloom. We have observed the same at the northern portion of Chilika Lake (in Odisha) during early winter months over the years, and also towards the northern end of wetlands in Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu.” “This is a natural phenomenon. Vigorous growth of algae or bacteria having beta-carotene gives this type of characteristic colouration to the water. It is also related to increased evaporation, salinity, and the current hot and humid weather conditions,” said Rahul Khot, assistant director (in-charge of the flamingo monitoring program).

Ornithologist, naturalist and writer Sunjoy Monga said a similar discolouration of water with a pink hue was witnessed at a flamingo habitat in Porbandar in May 2007. “This happened at the edges of the creek cramped with flamingos with high salinity displaying a pinkish maroon wash to it.” A similar example of what has been observed in Navi Mumbai was recently witnessed across a massive stretch at the Edgars Creek in Melbourne, Australia, that started on 10 Mayand intensified subsequently. The source of the pink water is being investigated, the Epoch Times reported. Other examples of changing water colour to pink across a much larger area has been observed at Cameron Falls in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada and the Dead Sea, a salt lake between Israel and Jordan, to name a few.

The explanation for the pink water, as given by most scientists, is that it is due to:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

First, thousands of flamingos coloured the Talawe wetlands near NRI Complex in Navi Mumbai pink during the lockdown, their numbers bolstered by the sheer lack of human activity. Now, the water in part of the wetland itself has turned pink, probably due to an explosive blooming of red algae that thrives in saline water, especially as the summer picks up and the wetland loses water.

The deep pink water, located towards the south-eastern end of the wetland, was spotted on14 May 2020. The pink water was not there till late last week. The bloom has been identified as a rare and first-of-its-kind occurrence for Mumbai Metropolitan Region by Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) that plans to take samples of the water for study. However, a local resident, Seema Tania from NRI Complex, Seawoods, said she had spotted the pink wash across a much larger area at the same creek in 2016.“Almost 500-600m patch of the creek turned bright pink and we thought chemicals had been dumped in the creek,” she said.

BNHS and independent microbiologists presume that the colour is from microscopic algae. “Owing to high salinity in the area, it looks like an algal bloom. Our researchers have never witnessed something like this along Mumbai’s creeks,” said Deepak Apte, director, BNHS. “Around the world, such a phenomena has been observed regularly with red algae but it has to be investigated how it has appeared along the Mumbai creek.”

Flamingos are known to feed on this algae, crustaceans, shrimp, and aquatic plants, which gives them the pink colour, said Apte. Dr P Sathiyaselvam, assistant director (wetland conservation), BNHS said, “This is clearly an algal bloom. We have observed the same at the northern portion of Chilika Lake (in Odisha) during early winter months over the years, and also towards the northern end of wetlands in Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu.” “This is a natural phenomenon. Vigorous growth of algae or bacteria having beta-carotene gives this type of characteristic colouration to the water. It is also related to increased evaporation, salinity, and the current hot and humid weather conditions,” said Rahul Khot, assistant director (in-charge of the flamingo monitoring program).

Ornithologist, naturalist and writer Sunjoy Monga said a similar discolouration of water with a pink hue was witnessed at a flamingo habitat in Porbandar in May 2007. “This happened at the edges of the creek cramped with flamingos with high salinity displaying a pinkish maroon wash to it.” A similar example of what has been observed in Navi Mumbai was recently witnessed across a massive stretch at the Edgars Creek in Melbourne, Australia, that started on 10 Mayand intensified subsequently. The source of the pink water is being investigated, the Epoch Times reported. Other examples of changing water colour to pink across a much larger area has been observed at Cameron Falls in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada and the Dead Sea, a salt lake between Israel and Jordan, to name a few.

The main theme of the passage is:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

First, thousands of flamingos coloured the Talawe wetlands near NRI Complex in Navi Mumbai pink during the lockdown, their numbers bolstered by the sheer lack of human activity. Now, the water in part of the wetland itself has turned pink, probably due to an explosive blooming of red algae that thrives in saline water, especially as the summer picks up and the wetland loses water.

The deep pink water, located towards the south-eastern end of the wetland, was spotted on14 May 2020. The pink water was not there till late last week. The bloom has been identified as a rare and first-of-its-kind occurrence for Mumbai Metropolitan Region by Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) that plans to take samples of the water for study. However, a local resident, Seema Tania from NRI Complex, Seawoods, said she had spotted the pink wash across a much larger area at the same creek in 2016.“Almost 500-600m patch of the creek turned bright pink and we thought chemicals had been dumped in the creek,” she said.

BNHS and independent microbiologists presume that the colour is from microscopic algae. “Owing to high salinity in the area, it looks like an algal bloom. Our researchers have never witnessed something like this along Mumbai’s creeks,” said Deepak Apte, director, BNHS. “Around the world, such a phenomena has been observed regularly with red algae but it has to be investigated how it has appeared along the Mumbai creek.”

Flamingos are known to feed on this algae, crustaceans, shrimp, and aquatic plants, which gives them the pink colour, said Apte. Dr P Sathiyaselvam, assistant director (wetland conservation), BNHS said, “This is clearly an algal bloom. We have observed the same at the northern portion of Chilika Lake (in Odisha) during early winter months over the years, and also towards the northern end of wetlands in Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu.” “This is a natural phenomenon. Vigorous growth of algae or bacteria having beta-carotene gives this type of characteristic colouration to the water. It is also related to increased evaporation, salinity, and the current hot and humid weather conditions,” said Rahul Khot, assistant director (in-charge of the flamingo monitoring program).

Ornithologist, naturalist and writer Sunjoy Monga said a similar discolouration of water with a pink hue was witnessed at a flamingo habitat in Porbandar in May 2007. “This happened at the edges of the creek cramped with flamingos with high salinity displaying a pinkish maroon wash to it.” A similar example of what has been observed in Navi Mumbai was recently witnessed across a massive stretch at the Edgars Creek in Melbourne, Australia, that started on 10 Mayand intensified subsequently. The source of the pink water is being investigated, the Epoch Times reported. Other examples of changing water colour to pink across a much larger area has been observed at Cameron Falls in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada and the Dead Sea, a salt lake between Israel and Jordan, to name a few.

After reading the passage, it can be inferred that the:

An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen naturally. Dinosaurs, for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years ago. The hot, dry climate of the Cretaceous period changed very quickly, most likely because of an asteroid striking the Earth. The impact of the asteroid forced debris into the atmosphere, reducing the amount of heat and light that reached Earth’s surface. The dinosaurs were unable to adapt to this new, cooler habitat. Dinosaurs became endangered, then extinct. Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry, and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms. This can happen in a number of different ways.
Development can eliminate habitat and native species directly. In the Amazon rain forest of South America, developers have cleared hundreds of thousands of acres. To “clear” a piece of land is to remove all trees and vegetation from it. The Amazon rain forest is cleared for cattle ranches, logging, and urban use. Development can also endanger species indirectly. Some species, such as fig trees of the rain forest, may provide habitat for other species. As trees are destroyed, species that depend on that tree habitat may also become endangered. Tree crowns provide habitat in the canopy, or top layer, of a rainforest. Plants such as vines, fungi such as mushrooms, and insects such as butterflies live in the rain forest canopy. So do hundreds of species of tropical birds and mammals such as monkeys. As trees are cut down, this habitat is lost. Species have less room to live and reproduce.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

Which of the following word is the ANTONYM of the word ‘native’ used in the passage?

An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen naturally. Dinosaurs, for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years ago. The hot, dry climate of the Cretaceous period changed very quickly, most likely because of an asteroid striking the Earth. The impact of the asteroid forced debris into the atmosphere, reducing the amount of heat and light that reached Earth’s surface. The dinosaurs were unable to adapt to this new, cooler habitat. Dinosaurs became endangered, then extinct. Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry, and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms. This can happen in a number of different ways.
Development can eliminate habitat and native species directly. In the Amazon rain forest of South America, developers have cleared hundreds of thousands of acres. To “clear” a piece of land is to remove all trees and vegetation from it. The Amazon rain forest is cleared for cattle ranches, logging, and urban use. Development can also endanger species indirectly. Some species, such as fig trees of the rain forest, may provide habitat for other species. As trees are destroyed, species that depend on that tree habitat may also become endangered. Tree crowns provide habitat in the canopy, or top layer, of a rainforest. Plants such as vines, fungi such as mushrooms, and insects such as butterflies live in the rain forest canopy. So do hundreds of species of tropical birds and mammals such as monkeys. As trees are cut down, this habitat is lost. Species have less room to live and reproduce.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

Which of the following statement is correct according to the passage given above?

An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen naturally. Dinosaurs, for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years ago. The hot, dry climate of the Cretaceous period changed very quickly, most likely because of an asteroid striking the Earth. The impact of the asteroid forced debris into the atmosphere, reducing the amount of heat and light that reached Earth’s surface. The dinosaurs were unable to adapt to this new, cooler habitat. Dinosaurs became endangered, then extinct. Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry, and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms. This can happen in a number of different ways.
Development can eliminate habitat and native species directly. In the Amazon rain forest of South America, developers have cleared hundreds of thousands of acres. To “clear” a piece of land is to remove all trees and vegetation from it. The Amazon rain forest is cleared for cattle ranches, logging, and urban use. Development can also endanger species indirectly. Some species, such as fig trees of the rain forest, may provide habitat for other species. As trees are destroyed, species that depend on that tree habitat may also become endangered. Tree crowns provide habitat in the canopy, or top layer, of a rainforest. Plants such as vines, fungi such as mushrooms, and insects such as butterflies live in the rain forest canopy. So do hundreds of species of tropical birds and mammals such as monkeys. As trees are cut down, this habitat is lost. Species have less room to live and reproduce.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

According to the passage, which of the following is the likely reasoning for the dinosaurs becoming endengared and then extinct?

Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing or wildlife photographing to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing and source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever ‐ increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, development of new drugs and treatments are largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species and not discoveries through the traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the different variety of living beings within an ecosystem or in our planet. It is a measurement on the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also take part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species whereas polar areas support lesser species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of men.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

Wildlife has helped humans in all aspects except?

An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen naturally. Dinosaurs, for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years ago. The hot, dry climate of the Cretaceous period changed very quickly, most likely because of an asteroid striking the Earth. The impact of the asteroid forced debris into the atmosphere, reducing the amount of heat and light that reached Earth’s surface. The dinosaurs were unable to adapt to this new, cooler habitat. Dinosaurs became endangered, then extinct. Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry, and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms. This can happen in a number of different ways.
Development can eliminate habitat and native species directly. In the Amazon rain forest of South America, developers have cleared hundreds of thousands of acres. To “clear” a piece of land is to remove all trees and vegetation from it. The Amazon rain forest is cleared for cattle ranches, logging, and urban use. Development can also endanger species indirectly. Some species, such as fig trees of the rain forest, may provide habitat for other species. As trees are destroyed, species that depend on that tree habitat may also become endangered. Tree crowns provide habitat in the canopy, or top layer, of a rainforest. Plants such as vines, fungi such as mushrooms, and insects such as butterflies live in the rain forest canopy. So do hundreds of species of tropical birds and mammals such as monkeys. As trees are cut down, this habitat is lost. Species have less room to live and reproduce.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

Which of the following do not live in the canopy of the Amazon rain forests?

Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing or wildlife photographing to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing and source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever ‐ increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, development of new drugs and treatments are largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species and not discoveries through the traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the different variety of living beings within an ecosystem or in our planet. It is a measurement on the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also take part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species whereas polar areas support lesser species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of men.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

What does the passage says about Woodpeckers?

Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing or wildlife photographing to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing and source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever ‐ increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, development of new drugs and treatments are largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species and not discoveries through the traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the different variety of living beings within an ecosystem or in our planet. It is a measurement on the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also take part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species whereas polar areas support lesser species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of men.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?

Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing or wildlife photographing to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing and source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever ‐ increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, development of new drugs and treatments are largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species and not discoveries through the traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the different variety of living beings within an ecosystem or in our planet. It is a measurement on the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also take part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species whereas polar areas support lesser species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of men.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

Which of the following cannot be taken up as a pastime related to wildlife?

Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing or wildlife photographing to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing and source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever ‐ increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, development of new drugs and treatments are largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species and not discoveries through the traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the different variety of living beings within an ecosystem or in our planet. It is a measurement on the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also take part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species whereas polar areas support lesser species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of men.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

Biodiversity is ______.

An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen naturally. Dinosaurs, for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years ago. The hot, dry climate of the Cretaceous period changed very quickly, most likely because of an asteroid striking the Earth. The impact of the asteroid forced debris into the atmosphere, reducing the amount of heat and light that reached Earth’s surface. The dinosaurs were unable to adapt to this new, cooler habitat. Dinosaurs became endangered, then extinct. Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry, and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms. This can happen in a number of different ways.
Development can eliminate habitat and native species directly. In the Amazon rain forest of South America, developers have cleared hundreds of thousands of acres. To “clear” a piece of land is to remove all trees and vegetation from it. The Amazon rain forest is cleared for cattle ranches, logging, and urban use. Development can also endanger species indirectly. Some species, such as fig trees of the rain forest, may provide habitat for other species. As trees are destroyed, species that depend on that tree habitat may also become endangered. Tree crowns provide habitat in the canopy, or top layer, of a rainforest. Plants such as vines, fungi such as mushrooms, and insects such as butterflies live in the rain forest canopy. So do hundreds of species of tropical birds and mammals such as monkeys. As trees are cut down, this habitat is lost. Species have less room to live and reproduce.
Based on the passage above choose the correct option for the following questions.

According to the passage, which of the following are the two main reasons of species becoming endangered species?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017- 2031, underlying India’s plan for wildlife conservation, was unveiled (1)______ the Global Wildlife Programme conference. The plan recognises (2)________ addresses concerns pertaining to climate changes and its impact on wildlife .
The plan details the importance of ecosystems for food production, health and other aspects of (3)______ survival and sustainable development. It also emphasises preservation of genetic (4)_______ and sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which has direct bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.
The plan underscores rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species (5)_______ inland aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems while conserving their habitats.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017- 2031, underlying India’s plan for wildlife conservation, was unveiled (1)______ the Global Wildlife Programme conference. The plan recognises (2)________ addresses concerns pertaining to climate changes and its impact on wildlife .
The plan details the importance of ecosystems for food production, health and other aspects of (3)______ survival and sustainable development. It also emphasises preservation of genetic (4)_______ and sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which has direct bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.
The plan underscores rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species (5)_______ inland aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems while conserving their habitats.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017- 2031, underlying India’s plan for wildlife conservation, was unveiled (1)______ the Global Wildlife Programme conference. The plan recognises (2)________ addresses concerns pertaining to climate changes and its impact on wildlife .
The plan details the importance of ecosystems for food production, health and other aspects of (3)______ survival and sustainable development. It also emphasises preservation of genetic (4)_______ and sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which has direct bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.
The plan underscores rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species (5)_______ inland aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems while conserving their habitats.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017- 2031, underlying India’s plan for wildlife conservation, was unveiled (1)______ the Global Wildlife Programme conference. The plan recognises (2)________ addresses concerns pertaining to climate changes and its impact on wildlife .
The plan details the importance of ecosystems for food production, health and other aspects of (3)______ survival and sustainable development. It also emphasises preservation of genetic (4)_______ and sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which has direct bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.
The plan underscores rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species (5)_______ inland aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems while conserving their habitats.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017- 2031, underlying India’s plan for wildlife conservation, was unveiled (1)______ the Global Wildlife Programme conference. The plan recognises (2)________ addresses concerns pertaining to climate changes and its impact on wildlife .
The plan details the importance of ecosystems for food production, health and other aspects of (3)______ survival and sustainable development. It also emphasises preservation of genetic (4)_______ and sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which has direct bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.
The plan underscores rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species (5)_______ inland aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems while conserving their habitats.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of becoming extinct due to various factors such as habitat destruction, poaching, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species are major environmental concerns, as they can have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem. Endangered species are important to protect as they play vital roles in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and contribute to the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants.
The importance of conserving endangered species is multifaceted. First and foremost, the loss of biodiversity can have a profound impact on the environment. Every species has a unique role to play in the ecosystem, and their disappearance can trigger a domino effect that can ultimately lead to ecosystem collapse. For example, pollinators such as bees and butterflies play a critical role in maintaining the health and productivity of plant communities. Without them, many plants would not be able to reproduce, and the animals that rely on those plants for food and habitat would also suffer. Similarly, predators such as wolves and lions help to regulate prey populations and prevent overgrazing, which can have negative impacts on the environment.
Endangered species also have cultural and economic value. Many indigenous cultures have close relationships with endangered species and consider them to be an integral part of their heritage and identity. For example, the Maasai people of Kenya have a strong cultural connection to elephants and consider them to be sacred animals. In addition, endangered species can be important sources of income for local communities through ecotourism. For example, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda are a major draw for tourists, generating significant revenue for local economies.
Furthermore, endangered species can also have scientific and medical value. Many species contain unique genetic material that can be used to develop new medicines and treatments for a variety of diseases. For example, the rosy periwinkle, a plant species found only in Madagascar, produces two drugs that are used to treat certain types of cancer. In addition, endangered species can serve as indicators of environmental health. Changes in the populations of certain species can indicate changes in the quality of the environment, alerting scientists to potential issues that may require attention.
Conservation efforts are essential to protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity. These efforts can take many forms, such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures and captive breeding programmes. Habitat restoration involves identifying and protecting critical habitats for endangered species and restoring degraded areas to their natural state. Anti-poaching measures are necessary to prevent the illegal hunting and trafficking of endangered species. Captive breeding programmes are used to breed and raise endangered species in captivity with the goal of releasing them into the wild. While these efforts can be costly and time-consuming, they are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species.
Another key aspect of conservation is education and awareness-raising. Many people are unaware of the threats facing endangered species and the importance of biodiversity. Educating the public and raising awareness can help to promote greater appreciation for the natural world and inspire action to protect it. Additionally, outreach programmes can work with local communities to promote sustainable practices and reduce the impact of human activities on the environment.
In conclusion, the conservation of endangered species is a critical issue that affects the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. Protecting biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, preserving cultural and economic value and advancing scientific and medical research. Conservation efforts, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, captive breeding programmes and education and awareness-raising, are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species and promote a sustainable future.

Which of the following could be an appropriate title for the given passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of becoming extinct due to various factors such as habitat destruction, poaching, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species are major environmental concerns, as they can have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem. Endangered species are important to protect as they play vital roles in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and contribute to the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants.
The importance of conserving endangered species is multifaceted. First and foremost, the loss of biodiversity can have a profound impact on the environment. Every species has a unique role to play in the ecosystem, and their disappearance can trigger a domino effect that can ultimately lead to ecosystem collapse. For example, pollinators such as bees and butterflies play a critical role in maintaining the health and productivity of plant communities. Without them, many plants would not be able to reproduce, and the animals that rely on those plants for food and habitat would also suffer. Similarly, predators such as wolves and lions help to regulate prey populations and prevent overgrazing, which can have negative impacts on the environment.
Endangered species also have cultural and economic value. Many indigenous cultures have close relationships with endangered species and consider them to be an integral part of their heritage and identity. For example, the Maasai people of Kenya have a strong cultural connection to elephants and consider them to be sacred animals. In addition, endangered species can be important sources of income for local communities through ecotourism. For example, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda are a major draw for tourists, generating significant revenue for local economies.
Furthermore, endangered species can also have scientific and medical value. Many species contain unique genetic material that can be used to develop new medicines and treatments for a variety of diseases. For example, the rosy periwinkle, a plant species found only in Madagascar, produces two drugs that are used to treat certain types of cancer. In addition, endangered species can serve as indicators of environmental health. Changes in the populations of certain species can indicate changes in the quality of the environment, alerting scientists to potential issues that may require attention.
Conservation efforts are essential to protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity. These efforts can take many forms, such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures and captive breeding programmes. Habitat restoration involves identifying and protecting critical habitats for endangered species and restoring degraded areas to their natural state. Anti-poaching measures are necessary to prevent the illegal hunting and trafficking of endangered species. Captive breeding programmes are used to breed and raise endangered species in captivity with the goal of releasing them into the wild. While these efforts can be costly and time-consuming, they are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species.
Another key aspect of conservation is education and awareness-raising. Many people are unaware of the threats facing endangered species and the importance of biodiversity. Educating the public and raising awareness can help to promote greater appreciation for the natural world and inspire action to protect it. Additionally, outreach programmes can work with local communities to promote sustainable practices and reduce the impact of human activities on the environment.
In conclusion, the conservation of endangered species is a critical issue that affects the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. Protecting biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, preserving cultural and economic value and advancing scientific and medical research. Conservation efforts, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, captive breeding programmes and education and awareness-raising, are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species and promote a sustainable future.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of becoming extinct due to various factors such as habitat destruction, poaching, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species are major environmental concerns, as they can have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem. Endangered species are important to protect as they play vital roles in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and contribute to the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants.
The importance of conserving endangered species is multifaceted. First and foremost, the loss of biodiversity can have a profound impact on the environment. Every species has a unique role to play in the ecosystem, and their disappearance can trigger a domino effect that can ultimately lead to ecosystem collapse. For example, pollinators such as bees and butterflies play a critical role in maintaining the health and productivity of plant communities. Without them, many plants would not be able to reproduce, and the animals that rely on those plants for food and habitat would also suffer. Similarly, predators such as wolves and lions help to regulate prey populations and prevent overgrazing, which can have negative impacts on the environment.
Endangered species also have cultural and economic value. Many indigenous cultures have close relationships with endangered species and consider them to be an integral part of their heritage and identity. For example, the Maasai people of Kenya have a strong cultural connection to elephants and consider them to be sacred animals. In addition, endangered species can be important sources of income for local communities through ecotourism. For example, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda are a major draw for tourists, generating significant revenue for local economies.
Furthermore, endangered species can also have scientific and medical value. Many species contain unique genetic material that can be used to develop new medicines and treatments for a variety of diseases. For example, the rosy periwinkle, a plant species found only in Madagascar, produces two drugs that are used to treat certain types of cancer. In addition, endangered species can serve as indicators of environmental health. Changes in the populations of certain species can indicate changes in the quality of the environment, alerting scientists to potential issues that may require attention.
Conservation efforts are essential to protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity. These efforts can take many forms, such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures and captive breeding programmes. Habitat restoration involves identifying and protecting critical habitats for endangered species and restoring degraded areas to their natural state. Anti-poaching measures are necessary to prevent the illegal hunting and trafficking of endangered species. Captive breeding programmes are used to breed and raise endangered species in captivity with the goal of releasing them into the wild. While these efforts can be costly and time-consuming, they are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species.
Another key aspect of conservation is education and awareness-raising. Many people are unaware of the threats facing endangered species and the importance of biodiversity. Educating the public and raising awareness can help to promote greater appreciation for the natural world and inspire action to protect it. Additionally, outreach programmes can work with local communities to promote sustainable practices and reduce the impact of human activities on the environment.
In conclusion, the conservation of endangered species is a critical issue that affects the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. Protecting biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, preserving cultural and economic value and advancing scientific and medical research. Conservation efforts, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, captive breeding programmes and education and awareness-raising, are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species and promote a sustainable future.

Find the ANTONYM of the word ‘halt’ from the passage.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The Kuno Palpur National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh's Chambal (1)__________, has an area of 750 square kilometres. It now has leopards, jackals, spotted deer, sambhar, neelgai, chinkara, wild boar, and four-horned antelope, making it a perfect (2)_________ base for felids. Despite strong objections from Gujarat, which (3)_________ that lions were part of the state's heritage, that MP had a poor (4)________ in wildlife management, and that Kuno Palpur had other big cat species that would (5)___________ lion relocation, the sanctuary was chosen for the lion reintroduction project in 2013.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The Kuno Palpur National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh's Chambal (1)__________, has an area of 750 square kilometres. It now has leopards, jackals, spotted deer, sambhar, neelgai, chinkara, wild boar, and four-horned antelope, making it a perfect (2)_________ base for felids. Despite strong objections from Gujarat, which (3)_________ that lions were part of the state's heritage, that MP had a poor (4)________ in wildlife management, and that Kuno Palpur had other big cat species that would (5)___________ lion relocation, the sanctuary was chosen for the lion reintroduction project in 2013.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The Kuno Palpur National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh's Chambal (1)__________, has an area of 750 square kilometres. It now has leopards, jackals, spotted deer, sambhar, neelgai, chinkara, wild boar, and four-horned antelope, making it a perfect (2)_________ base for felids. Despite strong objections from Gujarat, which (3)_________ that lions were part of the state's heritage, that MP had a poor (4)________ in wildlife management, and that Kuno Palpur had other big cat species that would (5)___________ lion relocation, the sanctuary was chosen for the lion reintroduction project in 2013.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The Kuno Palpur National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh's Chambal (1)__________, has an area of 750 square kilometres. It now has leopards, jackals, spotted deer, sambhar, neelgai, chinkara, wild boar, and four-horned antelope, making it a perfect (2)_________ base for felids. Despite strong objections from Gujarat, which (3)_________ that lions were part of the state's heritage, that MP had a poor (4)________ in wildlife management, and that Kuno Palpur had other big cat species that would (5)___________ lion relocation, the sanctuary was chosen for the lion reintroduction project in 2013.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The Kuno Palpur National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh's Chambal (1)__________, has an area of 750 square kilometres. It now has leopards, jackals, spotted deer, sambhar, neelgai, chinkara, wild boar, and four-horned antelope, making it a perfect (2)_________ base for felids. Despite strong objections from Gujarat, which (3)_________ that lions were part of the state's heritage, that MP had a poor (4)________ in wildlife management, and that Kuno Palpur had other big cat species that would (5)___________ lion relocation, the sanctuary was chosen for the lion reintroduction project in 2013.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of becoming extinct due to various factors such as habitat destruction, poaching, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species are major environmental concerns, as they can have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem. Endangered species are important to protect as they play vital roles in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and contribute to the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants.
The importance of conserving endangered species is multifaceted. First and foremost, the loss of biodiversity can have a profound impact on the environment. Every species has a unique role to play in the ecosystem, and their disappearance can trigger a domino effect that can ultimately lead to ecosystem collapse. For example, pollinators such as bees and butterflies play a critical role in maintaining the health and productivity of plant communities. Without them, many plants would not be able to reproduce, and the animals that rely on those plants for food and habitat would also suffer. Similarly, predators such as wolves and lions help to regulate prey populations and prevent overgrazing, which can have negative impacts on the environment.
Endangered species also have cultural and economic value. Many indigenous cultures have close relationships with endangered species and consider them to be an integral part of their heritage and identity. For example, the Maasai people of Kenya have a strong cultural connection to elephants and consider them to be sacred animals. In addition, endangered species can be important sources of income for local communities through ecotourism. For example, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda are a major draw for tourists, generating significant revenue for local economies.
Furthermore, endangered species can also have scientific and medical value. Many species contain unique genetic material that can be used to develop new medicines and treatments for a variety of diseases. For example, the rosy periwinkle, a plant species found only in Madagascar, produces two drugs that are used to treat certain types of cancer. In addition, endangered species can serve as indicators of environmental health. Changes in the populations of certain species can indicate changes in the quality of the environment, alerting scientists to potential issues that may require attention.
Conservation efforts are essential to protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity. These efforts can take many forms, such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures and captive breeding programmes. Habitat restoration involves identifying and protecting critical habitats for endangered species and restoring degraded areas to their natural state. Anti-poaching measures are necessary to prevent the illegal hunting and trafficking of endangered species. Captive breeding programmes are used to breed and raise endangered species in captivity with the goal of releasing them into the wild. While these efforts can be costly and time-consuming, they are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species.
Another key aspect of conservation is education and awareness-raising. Many people are unaware of the threats facing endangered species and the importance of biodiversity. Educating the public and raising awareness can help to promote greater appreciation for the natural world and inspire action to protect it. Additionally, outreach programmes can work with local communities to promote sustainable practices and reduce the impact of human activities on the environment.
In conclusion, the conservation of endangered species is a critical issue that affects the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. Protecting biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, preserving cultural and economic value and advancing scientific and medical research. Conservation efforts, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, captive breeding programmes and education and awareness-raising, are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species and promote a sustainable future.

Which of the following is an example of a real-world connection to the concept of indigenous culture, as discussed in the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of becoming extinct due to various factors such as habitat destruction, poaching, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species are major environmental concerns, as they can have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem. Endangered species are important to protect as they play vital roles in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and contribute to the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants.
The importance of conserving endangered species is multifaceted. First and foremost, the loss of biodiversity can have a profound impact on the environment. Every species has a unique role to play in the ecosystem, and their disappearance can trigger a domino effect that can ultimately lead to ecosystem collapse. For example, pollinators such as bees and butterflies play a critical role in maintaining the health and productivity of plant communities. Without them, many plants would not be able to reproduce, and the animals that rely on those plants for food and habitat would also suffer. Similarly, predators such as wolves and lions help to regulate prey populations and prevent overgrazing, which can have negative impacts on the environment.
Endangered species also have cultural and economic value. Many indigenous cultures have close relationships with endangered species and consider them to be an integral part of their heritage and identity. For example, the Maasai people of Kenya have a strong cultural connection to elephants and consider them to be sacred animals. In addition, endangered species can be important sources of income for local communities through ecotourism. For example, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda are a major draw for tourists, generating significant revenue for local economies.
Furthermore, endangered species can also have scientific and medical value. Many species contain unique genetic material that can be used to develop new medicines and treatments for a variety of diseases. For example, the rosy periwinkle, a plant species found only in Madagascar, produces two drugs that are used to treat certain types of cancer. In addition, endangered species can serve as indicators of environmental health. Changes in the populations of certain species can indicate changes in the quality of the environment, alerting scientists to potential issues that may require attention.
Conservation efforts are essential to protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity. These efforts can take many forms, such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures and captive breeding programmes. Habitat restoration involves identifying and protecting critical habitats for endangered species and restoring degraded areas to their natural state. Anti-poaching measures are necessary to prevent the illegal hunting and trafficking of endangered species. Captive breeding programmes are used to breed and raise endangered species in captivity with the goal of releasing them into the wild. While these efforts can be costly and time-consuming, they are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species.
Another key aspect of conservation is education and awareness-raising. Many people are unaware of the threats facing endangered species and the importance of biodiversity. Educating the public and raising awareness can help to promote greater appreciation for the natural world and inspire action to protect it. Additionally, outreach programmes can work with local communities to promote sustainable practices and reduce the impact of human activities on the environment.
In conclusion, the conservation of endangered species is a critical issue that affects the health and well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. Protecting biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, preserving cultural and economic value and advancing scientific and medical research. Conservation efforts, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, captive breeding programmes and education and awareness-raising, are necessary to ensure the survival of endangered species and promote a sustainable future.

Which of the following statements best explains how mountain gorillas are contributing to the local economy of Rwanda?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
The discovery of a new bird species has sparked excitement among ornithologists and bird enthusiasts worldwide. The bird, named the Sapphire-winged Warbler, discovered in a remote tropical island's rainforests, is a unique bird with vibrant blue feathers and a distinctive melodic song. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts have been flocking to the island in hopes of catching a glimpse of this elusive and captivating creature. The discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler highlights the importance of preserving and protecting habitats. Amidst the excitement surrounding the discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler, researchers have embarked on a mission to uncover the bird's migratory patterns. Equipped with satellite tracking devices, they aim to trace the remarkable journey of this species across vast distances. By unravelling its migratory routes and stopover locations, scientists hope to gain insight into the challenges the Sapphire-winged Warbler faces during its arduous travels. The local community on the tropical island has embraced the newfound avian resident with great enthusiasm. Efforts are underway to raise awareness about the importance of conservation and to create protected areas that ensure the continued existence of this exquisite species.

Identify the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word ‘stare’ from the passage.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
The discovery of a new bird species has sparked excitement among ornithologists and bird enthusiasts worldwide. The bird, named the Sapphire-winged Warbler, discovered in a remote tropical island's rainforests, is a unique bird with vibrant blue feathers and a distinctive melodic song. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts have been flocking to the island in hopes of catching a glimpse of this elusive and captivating creature. The discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler highlights the importance of preserving and protecting habitats. Amidst the excitement surrounding the discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler, researchers have embarked on a mission to uncover the bird's migratory patterns. Equipped with satellite tracking devices, they aim to trace the remarkable journey of this species across vast distances. By unravelling its migratory routes and stopover locations, scientists hope to gain insight into the challenges the Sapphire-winged Warbler faces during its arduous travels. The local community on the tropical island has embraced the newfound avian resident with great enthusiasm. Efforts are underway to raise awareness about the importance of conservation and to create protected areas that ensure the continued existence of this exquisite species.

Select the most appropriate title for the given passage.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
The discovery of a new bird species has sparked excitement among ornithologists and bird enthusiasts worldwide. The bird, named the Sapphire-winged Warbler, discovered in a remote tropical island's rainforests, is a unique bird with vibrant blue feathers and a distinctive melodic song. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts have been flocking to the island in hopes of catching a glimpse of this elusive and captivating creature. The discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler highlights the importance of preserving and protecting habitats. Amidst the excitement surrounding the discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler, researchers have embarked on a mission to uncover the bird's migratory patterns. Equipped with satellite tracking devices, they aim to trace the remarkable journey of this species across vast distances. By unravelling its migratory routes and stopover locations, scientists hope to gain insight into the challenges the Sapphire-winged Warbler faces during its arduous travels. The local community on the tropical island has embraced the newfound avian resident with great enthusiasm. Efforts are underway to raise awareness about the importance of conservation and to create protected areas that ensure the continued existence of this exquisite species.

Which statement best reflects a fact mentioned in the given passage?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
The discovery of a new bird species has sparked excitement among ornithologists and bird enthusiasts worldwide. The bird, named the Sapphire-winged Warbler, discovered in a remote tropical island's rainforests, is a unique bird with vibrant blue feathers and a distinctive melodic song. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts have been flocking to the island in hopes of catching a glimpse of this elusive and captivating creature. The discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler highlights the importance of preserving and protecting habitats. Amidst the excitement surrounding the discovery of the Sapphire-winged Warbler, researchers have embarked on a mission to uncover the bird's migratory patterns. Equipped with satellite tracking devices, they aim to trace the remarkable journey of this species across vast distances. By unravelling its migratory routes and stopover locations, scientists hope to gain insight into the challenges the Sapphire-winged Warbler faces during its arduous travels. The local community on the tropical island has embraced the newfound avian resident with great enthusiasm. Efforts are underway to raise awareness about the importance of conservation and to create protected areas that ensure the continued existence of this exquisite species.

Based on the given passage, which of the following inferences can be made?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The environment of the earth is a great (1)___ to mankind. It is a pity that this environment is in grave danger of being (2)____, and that this danger is being posed by man himself. Humans have seldom given thought to the fact that the air they breathe, the water they drink, or the food they eat could be (3)____. They have always assumed the bounties of nature to be inexhaustible. There is little (4)_____ on their part that what they consider progress is seriously disturbing the ecological balance and (5)_____ to the breakdown of the life-supporting systems on the earth.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. (SICPO Paper II 2022)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The (1) _________ of birds is one of the most fascinating aspects of the natural world. From the soaring flight of eagles to the colourful plumage of parrots, birds have evolved a wide range of (2) _________ to survive and thrive in their environments. One of the most remarkable adaptations is the ability of some birds to migrate over vast distances, often crossing oceans and continents to reach their breeding or wintering grounds. However, many species of birds are facing threats to their survival, such as habitat loss, climate change and (3) _________ by humans. In response, conservation efforts have been put in place to protect these birds and their habitats. This might involve creating protected areas, restoring degraded habitats or reducing the use of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Another important aspect of bird conservation is (4) _________ populations to track changes over time and identify emerging threats. This can be done through citizen science programmes or through more intensive efforts led by conservation organisations. Ultimately, protecting birds and their habitats is not only important for the birds themselves but also for the broader ecosystems they are a part of, and the many benefits these ecosystems provide to humans, such as clean air and water, and (5) _________ opportunities.Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 4. (Combined Graduate Level Examination Tier I 2023)